Yoga and Dhyāna Are Not Rivals: What the Classical Texts Actually Say
Modern culture often presents yoga as a physical practice and meditation as a separate mental exercise. The Upaniṣads, Yoga Sūtra, Bhagavad Gītā and Haṭha texts describe a more integrated relationship. This study explains how dhāraṇā develops into dhyāna, how dhyāna deepens into samādhi and why meditation is one of yoga’s essential movements rather than its alternative.